Data Mining is a synthesis of statistics and informatics. Statistical methods are used to extract knowledge from large data sets (Big Data). There are two major kinds of problems.
Unsupervised learning tries to find structures in big data. This helps in many applications, like business intelligence (BI) and market segmentation or to detect outliers and risk factors.
Supervised learning is used in BI as well. Here the data scientists focuses on making good forecasts for a problem. This might be fraud detection or optical character recognition (OCR). Common methods that are used here are Decision Trees (CART, MARS), Artifical Neural Networks, Ensemble Models and many more.